bookcurios Chapter 122 Popularizing Scientific Knowledge to All Circles ①
Chapter 122 Popularizing Scientific Knowledge to All Circles ①
Li Ranran swiped to the next video.
[Are the ancient practices of "blood test" and "silver needle test for poison" correct? 】
[When we watch costume dramas and read novels, we often find that they mention "blood test to identify relatives" and "silver needle test for poison". So do they have any scientific basis and are they reliable?
The first is "blood recognition", which is divided into two types: one is the bone dripping method and the other is the blood combining method. The bone dripping method was first recorded in the Three Kingdoms period and was also included in the "Xiyuan Jilu" by Song Ci, the founder of forensic medicine. The blood of a living person is dripped on the bones of a dead person to see if it can penetrate. If it can penetrate, it means that there is a blood relationship such as parents, children, and brothers. The blood combining method appeared in the Ming Dynasty. On the premise that both parties are alive, the blood drawn from the two people is dripped into a container to see if it coagulates. If the blood coagulates, it means that they are biological children.
Whether the dead skeleton is exposed or buried, the soft tissue will generally be completely dissolved and disappear through decay, the hair and nails will fall off, and finally only the skeletal bone osteoporosis will be left, which can be soaked by anyone's blood. If the skeleton is not dry, the structure is intact, and there is still soft tissue on the surface, no one's blood will be soaked.
Different blood types carry different antigens and antibodies. The fact that blood can fuse shows that having the same blood type does not mean that there is a blood relationship. Ji Xiaolan, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in his book "Notes from the Yuewei Thatched Cottage" that this method is not feasible.
＜Blood test is too unreasonable. If the blood type is O, then everyone is a relative [laughs]＞
＜A person with type O blood has relatives all over the world [covering face]＞
＜So we often say that we were one family five hundred years ago hhh＞
＜But we have to say that the ancients were smart. They knew the genetic relationship of blood type at that time. This can be regarded as the most primitive DNA testing method＞
＜I am familiar with the blood test to identify relatives. It was played in the TV series "The Legend of Zhen Huan". When alum is mixed in water, even if they are not father and son, they can still dissolve. When clear oil is mixed in water, even if they are father and son, they cannot dissolve. ＞
[Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che: Is this method not feasible? DNA testing, what is that? Can’t you explain it in detail?]
[TV dramas often feature scenes of "testing poison with a silver needle". You often see them randomly taking a silver hairpin from the head and inserting it into the dish. If the hairpin turns black, it means the dish is poisonous.
So what is the basis for this? Is it reliable?
Song Ci's "Xi Yuan Ji Lu" records the use of silver needles to examine corpses. However, compared with "blood test", "silver needle test for poison" still has a certain scientific basis. Silver needles contain silver, and some toxic substances contain sulfur. When these two elements collide, silver monosulfide will be produced, which will cause the silver needle to change color. In ancient times, the technology for producing arsenic was not mature, which generally resulted in residual sulfur or sulfide impurities in arsenic, so the ancient silver needles could detect poisons containing sulfur.
However, in ancient times, the silver needle changed color when testing poison with a silver needle, not when it encountered a toxic substance, but when it encountered sulfur. The same principle applies when we use a silver needle to test egg yolks, and the color will also change. Egg yolks also contain sulfur, and it is because of this element that the egg yolk turns black after being inserted with a silver needle.
In addition, there are many poisons that cannot be detected with silver needles, such as nitrite, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, etc. They do not contain sulfur and cannot react with silver. Silver needles will not turn black when encountering these.
Our current production technology is very mature and we are able to extract pure arsenic without sulfur. Therefore, no matter how we test with a silver needle, it will not change color. 】
＜Did the ancient emperors not eat eggs?＞
＜Poisons in ancient times were limited＞
＜It seems that before serving food to the emperor, the eunuchs and palace maids would taste it first to test for poison＞
＜Besides trying the silver needle tea with others, is there no other way?＞
＜If it is a slow-moving poison, it can be found by checking the pulse of the imperial physician on a daily basis＞
＜Some drugs cannot be detected until the body is empty＞
[Song Renzong Zhao Zhen: We should be thankful that there were few poisons in our ancient times...]
[Tang Taizong Li Shimin: Doctors have always been important since ancient times]
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Li Ranran knew that blood test for kinship was unreliable. After all, TV dramas were just TV dramas. She didn't know the principle of testing poison with silver needles.
People from all walks of life found that they understood the video this time, but they didn’t fully understand it...
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Ming Dynasty Hongwu 27th year
It’s becoming increasingly difficult to understand, first the blood type and then the chemical elements. My head hurts.
Emperor Hongwu Zhu Yuanzhang threw the "Xiyuan Jilu" to Zhou Wang Zhu Su and said, "Study hard and don't embarrass our Ming Dynasty."
King Zhu Su of Zhou was holding the book in his hand while expressing his gratitude, thinking, my old father really takes me seriously. Now he lets me concentrate on studying medicine.
"By the way, if you need anything, just tell me. What you are doing now is beneficial to the country and the people, and it will be recorded in history."
King Zhu Su of Zhou automatically understood this sentence as "Work hard and leave your name in history."
"Alas." Zhu Yuanzhang looked at the faces of his twenty-plus sons one by one. What a useless job.
Zhu Di's heart tightened, "?"
"Dad, tell your sons what's on your mind, don't hold it in."
Zhu Yuanzhang glared at Qin Wang Zhu Chong. What kind of worries could he solve with the shitty things Zhu Chong did in his fiefdom?
"DNA? Silver? Sulfur? Do you know? Did you look through the books after you went down?"
Qin Wang Zhu Chong and others were silent. Well, this is hard to understand. The heart that was just jealous of King Zhou has calmed down now. That will go down in history.
Prince Zhu Bo of Xiang excitedly raised his hand and said, "Dad, I think this is just like making an elixir. Don't worry, I'll leave this to you. I'll make sure you understand it."
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The 37th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty
Emperor Kangxi Xuanye had received a Western education, so it was not difficult for him to understand the words in the light curtain. However, the more he understood, the more uneasy he felt. He was always slow to accept new things. On the one hand, he used Western things, but on the other hand, he was unwilling to accept them all.
Emperor Kangxi could learn it himself or let his sons learn it, but he was still worried that it would threaten the ruling status of the Qing Dynasty...
"Guangmu is right. The Qing Dynasty will be the sinner in the future." Emperor Kangxi Xuanye felt the choice, which could not be solved simply by learning and doing.
"I am only the emperor."
You are really looking at the sky from a well and underestimating the world.
Ever since the Opium War and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Emperor Kangxi has been thinking about whether to vigorously develop Western learning. The video in this issue is just a formal confirmation of his determination.
Emperor Kangxi Xuanye told his ideas to the capable princes, among whom the ninth prince Yinzhen expressed his willingness to specialize in Western science. These scientific elements and ag are just foreign languages, and he is quite interested in them anyway.
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Qing Dynasty, Qianlong Period
Emperor Qianlong Hongli asked Ji Yun if he had finished writing "Yuehui Thatched Cottage Notes". However, Ji Yun himself was confused when he saw the light screen video. When did I write this?
Emperor Qianlong Hongli did not make things difficult for Ji Yun. He said with a bit of regret: "When you write it, remember to tell me so that I can help you with reference." My literary accomplishment is still very good.
Ji Yun froze for a moment, then smiled: "Thank you, Your Majesty, for your grace. I will definitely remember it."
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